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The Jesuit order was the work of St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491–1556). He was born in Spain, into a Basque minor noble family, and was severely wounded as a soldier in 1521. During his convalescence he read religious works and suddenly converted. In Manresa, Catalonia, he undertook spiritual exercises and experienced visions. He was tormented by...

Until the Danish invasion of 865–78, England consisted of many smaller kingdoms, but above them stood the "overking" (warlord), the ruler of Britain. The lesser kings acknowledged his authority, appeared at his court from time to time, and marched into battle under his banner — although within their own domains, they exercised full power.